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- SPECIAL SECTION: THE SOVIET EMPIRE, Page 41Whispers of Hatred
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- Leningrad writer Nina Katerli first heard about the bizarre
- leaflet from a friend. A cooperative venture called EXODUS was
- announcing plans for a special event to take place at 4 a.m. on
- March 13. Anyone seeking information was advised to call
- Katerli's home telephone. A noted author of moral parables,
- Katerli is of Jewish, Russian and Polish descent and has become
- used to such crude ethnic provocations ever since she started
- drawing public attention to anti-Semitism in the Russian
- nationalist movement.
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- For the past 15 months Katerli has been in court fighting
- charges that she defamed local Patriot society leader Alexander
- Romanenko by comparing passages in his book The Class Character
- of Zionism with Nazi writings. In her view, the official
- propaganda campaign against "Zionist racism" has been a form of
- sanctioned anti-Semitism. Now that glasnost is flourishing, she
- is worried about more virulent forms of prejudice as Russian
- nationalists seek a scapegoat to blame for seven decades of
- Communist misrule.
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- Pamyat, a hodgepodge of rabid Russian nationalist groups,
- some operating in secret, spins out tales of a historic
- Jewish-Masonic conspiracy against Russia. The organization looks
- for Masonic symbols everywhere, even in the five-pointed red
- stars atop Kremlin towers. A "de-Zionization" program,
- attributed to Pamyat, urges that Jews and their relations not
- be allowed to acquire degrees, join the Communist Party or hold
- elective office until their numbers in the ruling elite are
- brought into proportional balance with the population at large.
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- What worries Jews and many non-Jewish Soviets is that such
- nationalistic ravings might gain support in a time of heightened
- ethnic tensions and economic uncertainty. In January a band of
- some 50 Pamyat supporters disrupted a meeting of liberal writers
- in Moscow, waving anti-Semitic banners and shouting racist
- slogans. One hooligan warned the crowd, "We have come this time
- with a megaphone -- but next time with a gun." On a video clip
- shown on state-run television, a protester shouted, "Neither the
- KGB nor the party can help you now. We will be masters of the
- country, and you, bastards, should take off for Israel."
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- That incident has sparked rumors across the country that a
- wave of pogroms against Jews would begin on May 5. Nationalist
- groups have disavowed any connection to recent anti-Semitic
- actions, but not in a way that would comfort Jews: writer
- Stanislav Zolottsev has suggested that it is a provocation aimed
- at persuading American officials to allow more Soviet Jews to
- enter the U.S. as political refugees. However, the Moscow
- prosecutor has begun investigations to determine if Pamyat
- supporters should be charged with "inciting national and racial
- hatred and strife." If the inquiry results in a trial, it will
- be the first time the law has been invoked since Mikhail
- Gorbachev came to power.
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